Toxicity detection can be achieved using on-line continuous measuring instrumentation. Choosing the relevant biosensor as well as speed of response and reliable sample handling are key factors:

• Intake protection of WWTP's
• Wastewater treatability studies
• OUR as a control parameter

• choose a parameter relevant to the application -multi-species bacteria, daphnia, algae, respirometer
• adapted or acclimatised biomass
• large sample flows reduces sampling error

• Little or no requirement for chemicals